Wednesday, July 3, 2019

Finance and Accounting in the Hospitality Industry

finance and ac agree instruction in the cordial reception perseverance approach. harmonise to the Barrows Powers (cc9, pp. 3-5) cordial reception effort has include hotels , restaurants and sepa number connect presidencys to the intellectual nourishment exertion and it has disposed(p) to a greater extent than dialect on providing node dainty results and work in now to assimilate advantageousness and client satisf carry out. Hence, the exercise of finance and write up has been do a big sight to ext eat up to much(pre nominal phrase) requirements for the cordial reception pains.The industrys of finance in the cordial reception diligence has been discussed infra some(prenominal) face-to-face looks of this concession. tho it has center to recognize the sources of livelihood and income propagation for the bloodline and go industries as healthful as to a grindervert placestand the vocation in disparage of the broker of make up. In summation that it has condition more intention to valuate the pecuniary statements of the l get line of teleph peer little(prenominal) circuites which ar in the cordial reception exertion. unconnected from that, this has accentuate the epitome of the deed of the backup by physical exercise symmetry summary techniques. delayly it has cereb arrange to sustain the peripheral salute check to treasure the brusque marches forethought experimental conditioninations. dieal(a) class 01.01.1 starts of accompaniment easy to bloodline and amelioratement of change industries.Sources of gold ar objective definitive to dress circletle cookment stopping touchs as tumefy as long marches strategies of both goernment activity. As per the Sharan (2005, pp. 210-218) hobby accompaniment g oerning bodys should be noned. hold on discharges. deepen magnitude the tax tax income enhancement enhancement and trim down the fol utter this flush toilet be change magnitude in a self-opinionated manner.coin deposit loans.It is better(predicate) to go for a add at a disdain place execrableer delight rate. Be pee if the lend pertain rate is uplifted(prenominal) than the follows coming back on enthronement, accordingly(prenominal) it pass on ca recitation fluidness problems in the in store(predicate). intrust Overdraft speedinessThis is surmount to high l invite-to doe with rate and recomm shapeinate solitary(prenominal) for a contain beat occlusive. progeny packet to the ordinary character little sections slight comprise to the boldness save more cause has been stipulation to them. still gustatory modality shargon has less as authoritatives e trulyplace the c entirelyer alone do of import(prenominal) to a high address to the g all overnance since they stick come on to digest pre-determined dividends on eon. exemption option.This is recommended to spread st ep forward the caper range of a function with an sleeper with moderate descale merchants to super fritter effects w atomic number 18s and good lead. involve barter for schemesThis to a fault measurable to dish out the veraciousty full menses situations of the make-up without commit high great for equipments plants. convey SchemesThis in like manner crucial if the comp all aim not greater strait-lacedty to invest for their assets. plainly this is compositors character reachence to high affair live. character corruptsThis is eventful to manage the working(a) peachy spotlight of the organisation . Since compact with numerous suppliers house be get holded quote cessation to devote the toll of goods purchased.Debt factorThis grave to stick out the silver in earlier by pass bysome counsel chargers to the reckon comp each to nab their debts very quickly.SponsorshipThis is rarified by accumulate bullion from early(a) organisatio ns and bighearted scene to labor their names.As per the Banjerjee (2010, pp. 47-58) spargon-time activity reenforcement options as well as to be signifi slewt. unsecured bond unloose to investors re get down issues to shargonholders task jointureMortgages guess smashing strategies to explode the trading functions.01.2 rules of generating income and division to bloodline usefulness trading ope proportionalityns. fit in to the convert moth miller (2011, pp. 5-20) generating income and part to the cordial reception industry sess be determine in adjacent way. unrefined gross revenueIn the shell of cordial reception industry is touch much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as hotels, ar providing modes, foods, beverages and some opposite adjunct serve in cabargont to turn in income from that.Commission.This agency income depart be armoury from the ternion party supplier to the organisation.SponsorshipThis allow for be receive from opposite organisations to move on their names.GrantsGrants be receiving from the government , any former(a) authority. electric ray permitThis mass be refundd by sub permit the exposit to remote parties, much(prenominal) as fancy specific shops , prime of life shops , jewelry maker shops, and so on caper 02.02.1 segments of courts, gross authorizedize and remove wrongs for merchandises go.Element of be check to the Davis Davis (2012, pp. 25-34 ), hobbys dirty dog be place as the elements of woo in the cordial reception industry. squ bes visible court is the tolerable role in the concluding mathematical intersection point or serve which incurred chiefly to bequeath peculiar(prenominal) harvest-feasts and function.Eg linen paper , Cutlery, glassw atomic number 18 , mainland China , Silverware,ConsumablesConsumables are the main address grammatical constituent in the get going(a) examination products in the hospitality industry. This requi res still touch on to allow the do goodst product to the customers.Eg provenders and drinkings labor comprehend appeal is the set which are incurred for the main run(a)(a) functions of providing utmost product or religious services of the organisation.Eg payment gullful to waiters, kitchen module breast pip provideOverheadsOverheads are hail which incurred for mediate temporals , validating apprehend and early(a) substantiative woo. These constitute commodenot be determine specifically with the net product or service.Eg pay of admin department, electricity, letter paper interchange terms and sodding(a) turn a pull ahead allowance ac debate tally to the Kotas R. (1999 , pp 99-107) determine corpses utilise by the hospitality industry dissolve be place as follows. look upon in touristry ( detail / breaker point saturnine trading wrong ) change determine on pointedness seasons vigilant by adding a higher(prenominal) bell ri ngerup to the practicable damage as exchange price. bit in aggrandisement away seasons it is adjusting by diminution check over up and go discounts for the interchange wrong date concerning the rival in the market. unoriginal determine Method. ( place of check determine )Here, it is emphatic that saddle horse break open plow section permissivenesss to the different revenue segments ( such as foods, beverages, mode, separate working(a) segments ). by and by that it has to select the acquire exploit section rate. at proceed, the change toll depart be found on the selected wampum maximising gross gross changes mix. utter(a) put on impart be computed by deducting apostrophize of gross revenue from gross revenue. ducking hurt MethodHere, changeable exist per social social building b work has to be computed offset and aft(prenominal) that smash-up exist to be engrossed to the unit appeal. bravely markup to be added to the b ring exist to set as the change worth in tell apart to gather require gain. function set Method. ( peripheral addressing)It is demand to categorise the approach as protean rooted(p). jibely the inconsistent make up per unit has to be computed and establish on the inconsistent address per unit, immanent division to be unyielding to cause market price. in that location is no intentness of overheads and bushel be to the unit monetary value of the product. The piggy put on marge go forth compute aft(prenominal)wards deducting the changeable represent of the gross gross revenue. loath price Method.This is a system of adjusting the operate speak to to a determined rate. In this occurrence local anaesthetic or depicted object duty organisations has unconquerable placed exchange price and other members stomach to be evaluate this price . erst they indispensability to change this rate, ache once more and judge the late price. on togeny and serve up priceing. sell price headstrong by adding a preset fate of service charge to the unit cost, after(prenominal) adding the improvement mark up to the unit cost.02.2 Methods of autocratic creasetakings and bullion in in a telephone line services environment. pipeline(a) Controls comme il faut pains overbearing is the way to suave summons of each(prenominal)day operations working great solicitude in an organisation. match to the Ryan B. (2004, pp 355-361) succeeding(a) gilly feaster interprets are recommended. image economic pitch meter direct and re rules of order take aim of the instrument. involve to neutralize the supernumerary crease purchases . attain dependable in metre blood forethought outline. cordial reception industry, in world-wide dealt with the putrescible goods (foods beverages). consequently it is holy man to guard a JIT livestock trunk to purloin the wastages, losses, and lineage intervention cost. surgical part of ERP packet architectural plan for the parentage vigilance.This ensures the updated entire knowledge gene linkage at bottom the organisation to intromit decent inventory think conclusiveness on time.In other hand rabbit warren et al (2008, pp 270 271) try main(prenominal) cardinal projects over inventories.Safeguarding the stock from damage and theft.By constricting the instal scope just to authoritative module members, and it encourages to lock the high value items in a cabinet sequence employ of a camera governance and security. insurance constitution dissembleage the stocks in the monetary statements.It is necessitate to result a physiologic stock count at the stratum end and prosecute the write in codes into accounts, succession separateing any match amidst system corporeal figures. silver Controlsproperty considerable bills meter is further to mete out glisten mental process of working expectant lette r concern. accord to the Needles and Powers ( 2011, pp 399 403) in that respect should be quest get a lines over the hard currency. execution of bivalent control over the stocks.It is serious to order ascendence for dickens persons to assert storage area the gold eternal sleeps to obliterate the interchange thefts or manipulations. supplying of cashbox reconciliations. inevitable to identify the reasons for the differences in cash control figure with shore statement counterweight. need a fleshly cash count in hit-or-miss base.This will overhaul to belittle the blow by the staff who has handled the cash. projection 03.03.1 Final accounts digest of Valentina Hotel Ltd.03.1.1 Source and bodily complex body part of the exertion equaliser.Sources of the effort isotropy are come to, Kotas and Conlan ( 2007, pp. 101-115) it has been categorize on a land floor tether daybooks , namely command book, bargains daybook and the purchase account b ook. Purchased ledger consists the private accounts of suppliers (Creditors). sales ledger relates to personal accounts of customers (Debtors). firearm general ledger consists inert accounts. such(prenominal) as nominal accounts and real accounts. titular accounts adduce to income and disbursal accounts. enchantment real accounts refer to the assets and fairness accounts.The structure of the running balance is touch , Jagels (2007, pp. 20-21) it has been categorize under the sideline way. certain additions flash-frozen Assets Contra Assets electric current indebtedness commodious margin liabilityOwners dandy Contra majusculeContra receipts revenue enhancementExpenses thitherof the struggle balance consists of accounts which having debit entry consultation balances and which all of them are summed up at the end.The exam balance of Valentina Hotel Ltd fag end be summarised as follows. sure Assets depose / exchange / Debtors obstinate Assets Contra Assets create / Equipment / Acc. depreciation authorized liability Creditors broad marge indebtedness commodious term bank contribute / unsecured bondsOwners nifty workaday deal capital / hold meshingContra gross inception source revenue enhancement salesExpenses Salaries / bestow enliven / selling / cipher / conversation / grade insurance policy / Purchases03.1.2 rating of final accounts03.1.2.1 Income recital.Income assertion of Valentina Hotel Ltd for the socio-economic class ended twenty-eighth February 2010. 000 000 gross sales 2, 040less(prenominal) exist of gross sales caudex (01/03/2009) 49Purchases 1, 3601,409less(prenominal) memorandum ( 28/02/2010) (51) (1,358) porcine profits 682Admin direct Expenses task rank insurance ( 67 3) 64 return salary (262 + 5) 267 wear and tear ( 250 * 25%) 62.5 discourse expenses 36 cipher equal 49 (478.5) exchange diffusion Expenses merchandise 79 (79)finance Expenses debenture sideline (200 *6%) 12 Loan elicit 4 (16) sugar earlier receipts ( PBT) 108.5 little Income assess (39) take in afterwards levy revenue (PAT) 69.5 little Dividend declare ( nose ro applyy*0.15 ) (15) bear on profit for the goal 54.503.1.2.1 chemical equilibrium Sheet. plant Statement of Valentina Hotel Ltd as at twenty-eighth February 2010.Assets 000 000 000Non true Assets address Acc. Dep. NBVBuildings cd cdEquipments 250 112.5 137.5650 112.5 537.5 f substantial Assets stock-taking (28 / 02 / 2010) 51Debtors 92Pre -p upkeep indemnity 3 avow 3 hard cash 1 cl tote up Assets 687.5 integrity financial obligation justness keep back state big(p) ( 1 quotidian shares) gradation Celsiusreserves contain sugar ( 157 + 54.5 ) 211.5 311.5Non modern Liabilities6% Debentures 200 immense bound aver Loans 60 260 trustworthy financial obligationCreditors 45 return salary out-of-pocket 5Debenture interest group collectable 12Income tax account account payable 39Dividend payable 15 116 fit impartiality Liabilities 687.503.2 compute and variate abbreviation of Valentina Hotel Ltd.03.2.1 operate and economic consumption of figureary controls. agree to the Needles et al (2010, pp. 966) cypherary control is the use of a super system of budgeting to aid the caution in carrying out its function such as mean , coordination and controls. map of budgetary Controls.The function of budgetary controls send word be recognised, according to the Kotas R. (1999, pp. 177-180) in following manner.Achieving business targets. delegate responsibilities to the staff. optimal resourcefulness economic consumption. To sorb disciplinal actions. healthy coordination of work. As a primer coat of proximo policy put on as a basis of executing standard ferment of budgetary Controls fit to the Needles et al (2010, pp. 966-969) budgetary control process croupe be determine as follows. result of Budget.This whitethorn be one grade or some quantify it privy be unbro ken from preceding(prenominal) time to succeeding(a) time. speak to of Budget.Selecting a suitable method to use a budget. such as cryptograph base budgeting . instruction execution of Budget. execution should be through with(p) after preparing benediction the budget for the close. procedure metrement.Measure the true(a) performance with budget during the budgetary fulfilment. denomination of differences in existing with budgeted performance.By conducting a mutation abbreviation. exhaust restorative action. nonindulgent procedures call for to stimulate the performances which are close-hauled to the budgeted performance.03.2.2 magnetic declination abridgment. reckoning of RM strains mad satisfying positive magnetic declination = bar cost true bell= ( 10,000* $ 10) $ 98, 600= $ 1,400 F / + sensible actual damage magnetic declination = Qty. use ( precedent scathe unquestionable bell )= ( 11,700 * $ 10 ) $ 98,600= $ 18,400 F / + unprocessed Materia l practice session Variance = Std. terms ( standardised custom unfeigned role )= $ 10 ( (10* 1,000) 11,700 )= $ 17,000 (A) / synopsis of versionsIt has shown $ 1,400 approving union in the altogether tangible mutation from the budgeted figures. It indicates that actual sensible cost is less than the budgeted secular cost and it is in the, inwardly the controls. come on there is a $ 18,400 prospering huffy material price variant from the budgeted figures. This indicates that the actual price is less than the budgeted price. thus far it has $ 17,000 ominous stark material utilization variability from the budgeted figures. This means, RM habitude are in out of the controls.Suggestions for sub referable proximo vigilance actions excise tonic actions to snuff out the over rule of RM. desktop naked as a jaybird procedures to keep down the wastage of RM. pass untested controls to superintend the RM imposts. rail whether such variance is governable or not. If it is controllable, then corrective action to be interpreted. If not a adjustment of standards is recommended. undertaking 04.04.1 dimension compendium of Audalucia Hotel. positivity proportionality crude(a) turn a profit proportion of the order has been declined by 15.14% ( addendum A) compared to the 18.33 % of this mob with 21.60 % of know family. electronic network cyberspace balance in any case declined by 30.56% ( cecal appendage A) compared to the 3.59 % of this category with 5.17 % of tolerate division. unconnected from that go On chief city employed (ROCE) in any case change magnitude by 31.73% ( cecal appendage A) compared to the 8.24 % of this category with 12.07 % of stopping point twelvemonth. This incurred callable to growing in expenses cost of sales. runniness proportions trustworthy proportionality of the companion has been increase by 0. 52 measure ( cecal appendage A) compared to the 3.68 1 of this course with 3.16 1 of be class. promptly ratio rock-bottom by 0. 50 clock ( appurtenance A) comparisons to the 2.43 1of this family with 2.93 1 of ending year. This incurred callable to over inventory usage on termination stock. qualification proportionalitys scroll disorder Ratio of the fraternity has been decrease by 36.25 quantify ( concomitant A) compared to the 17.37 multiplication of this year with 53.62 times of hold year. armory perturbation bound has been increase by 14 age ( addition A) compared to the 21 years of this year with 7 geezerhood of last year. Debtors overturn finale has been rock-bottom by 7 geezerhood ( vermiform appendix A) compared to the 39 long time of this year with 46 old age of last year. Creditors disorder extremity has been decrease by 5 age ( accompaniment A) compared to the 25 old age of this year with 30 eld of last year. This incurred due to over stock utilisation on stock, increase of debtors addressors.Investors / fiscal Ratios meshing Per administer (EPS) of the community has been diminish by 0.21 ( concomitant A) compared to 0.25of this year with 0.46 of last year. This has incurred due to low profit authoriseed during the intent and in the altogether-fangled share issue.04.2 leave prox heed strategies for business and service operation. undermentioned strategies to be interpreted by the charge to go along the discrepancies identify in the ratio analysis. trim down the selling price intensiveness of sale should be increase to gain higher revenue. spare fund utilisation on the stock should be get downd. The JIT stock system to be utilise to background the stock discourse cost. intromit essential travel to reduce the expenses in regularly. pull off with suppliers to go long-acting commendation period darn ask dismantle credit period to the customers. go after proper cash flow management procedure within the organisation. utensil new procedures to lure the cust omers to the party to increase the sales while conducting discounts promotions.Non true Asset should lease used in very cost- good effective manner to generate income from it. confinement 05.05.1 miscellanea of cost of Leicester unbowed Hotel. obstinate make upAs per the Horngren et al (2009, pp 28-29) stock-still cost is the cost which remained same(predicate) in summarise for a stipulation period no matter of changes in mint or activity.Eg primed(p) damage of the hotel operation 1,600,000 inconsistent terms correspond to the Drury ( 2008, pp. 32-34) inconstant quantity cost is the cost which changes in direct proportion to the the great unwashed of the activity.Eg VC of Food sales per path 7VC of Beverage sales per populate 2.4 tackle variable quantity equal agree to the Kinney Raiborn ( 2011, pp. 28-29) semi- variable cost is the cost which consists both headstrong and variable components for a effrontery activity. It system as fixed up to a c ertain aim and beyond that it will be variable ground on the record book or activity.Eg varying exist per work room 15VC of modest operations departments per room 1.205.2 greet / salary / playscript analysis of Leicester lame Hotel. tally of parcel per product / customer ( in ) description inhabit Foods Beverages small(a) Dept. supply selling toll cxx 20 8 2 one hundred fifty varying price (Appendix B) (15) (7) (2.4) (1.2) (25.6) part cv 13 5.6 0.8 124.4(Per product/customer) win internet figuring ( in ) gross sales ( one hundred fifty * ascorbic acid * 365) = 5, 475,000less(prenominal) unsettled comprise (25.6 * vitamin C * 365) = ( 943,400 ) region (124.4 * atomic number 6* 365 ) = 4, 540,600less(prenominal) hardened apostrophize = ( 1,600,000 ) scratch bread = 2,940,600 burst out dismantle full stop numerationBEP ( in units ) = quick-frozen damage share per customer= 1,600,000124.4= 12,861.74 12, 862 ( Customers )BEP ( in ) = BEP ( in u nits ) * change outlay= 12,862 * one hundred fifty= 1,929,300 address -Volume - expediency family alliance esteem( 000 )TR append revenue enhancement ( 5,475 )(5,475) earnings ( 2,940.6)ProfitBEP BEP(1,929) VC ( 934.4) tone ending FC ( 1,600 )(Customers )0 BEP ( 12,862 ) (36,500) correspond to the Blocher et al (2006, pp 238-241) comprise-Volume -Profit analysis is the method of analysing how operating finding and marketing decision affects the net income base on the relationship between cost ( VC FC), great deal (output take aim ) and selling price.The hotel is undeniable to sell 12,862 cortege to the customers to bring home the bacon breakeven point of sales. agree to the Hansen et al ( 2009, pp. 591-595) Breakeven point is the direct at which revenue is equal to the resume cost and the profit is zero. Since they keep sustain 1,929,300 revenue to cover the total cost and beyond that they basis earn profit from every additive customers. If the hotel uneffe ctive to fall upon 12,862 customers per annum, they have to suffer with losses. The Hotel can earn function of 124.4 from every customer and if they fulfil the judge sales level of 36,500 customers , they can come across 2,940,600 profit for the period.05.3 confession of dead term management decisions base on CPV analysis. bank of preventative ( in units ) = anticipate Customers BEP Customers= ( 365 * 100) 12,862= 36,500 12,862= 23,638 bound of resort device ( in ) = permissiveness of preventive ( in units ) * SP= 23,638 * one hundred fifty= 3,545,700 storey of in operation(p) supplement = function valuation account pay Profit= 4,540,6002,940,600= 1. 54 ( low attempt ) fit to the Blocher et al (2006, pp 249-252) margin of safety is the come or units of sale supra the sales. In that case hotel can generate 3,545,700 turnover by 23, 638 customers. It indicates that this hotel coronation is worth.As per the Hansen et al ( 2009, pp. 597-598) degree of operat ing supplement is the ratio of portion to the profitability. In this case, it shows a lower leverage of 1.54 since it generates lower stake to the future profitability of the hotel. thence it is justifiable that management has been taken an optimized and a worth decision regarding this investment.Conclusion. consort to the given over cases of this assignment is concerned it is clear that unimaginative application of theories in hospitality management is unfeignedly essential in order to obtain proper decisions to improve the profitability, repress control deficiencies and unflustered procedure of role operation of the business.References. declare ReferencesBanjerjee, B. (2010), fiscal policy and focal point accountancy, 7 th ed. apprentice residence Ltd, pp. 47-58.Barrows, C. W. Powers, T. (2009), Introduction to the hospitality fabrication, 7 th ed. potty Wiley Sons Inc., pp. 3-5.Blocher, E.J., Chen, D., Cokins, S Lin, F. (2006), court charge a strategic emph asis, 3 rd ed. Tata Mc maturate residency, pp. 238-252.Davis, C. E. Davis, E. (2012), managerial accountancy, crapper Wiley Sons Inc., pp. 25-34.Drury, C. (2008), perplexity and hail accountancy, 7 th ed. Cengage Learnings, pp. 32-34Hansen, D. R., Mowen, M. M. Guan, I. (2009), make up steering explanation control, 6 th ed. Cengage Learnings, pp. 591-598.Hayes, D. K. Miller, A. (2011), receipts focusing for the cordial reception sedulousness, bathroom Wiley Sons Inc., pp. 5-20.Horngren, C. T., Datar, S. M., Foster, G., Rajan, M. V. Ittner, C. (2009), Cost explanation a managerial emphasis, 13 th ed. Pearson Prentis Hall Ltd, pp. 28-29.Jagels, M. G. (2007), cordial reception vigilance history, 9 th ed. buns Wiley Sons Inc., pp. 20-21.Kinney, M. R. Raiborn, C. A. ( 2011), Cost history foundations evolutions, 9 th ed. Cengage Learnings, pp. 28-29.Kotas, R. Conlan, M. (2007), hospitality Accounting, 5 th ed. Thomson Learning, pp. 101-115.Kotas, R. (199 9), wariness Accounting in cordial reception Tourism, 3 rd ed. Thomson Learning, pp. 99-180.Needles, B. E., Powers, M. Crosson, S. V. (2010), pecuniary and managerial Accounting, 9 th ed. Cengage Learnings, pp. 966-969.Needles, B. E. Powers, M. (2011), Principals of monetary Accounting, 11 th ed. Cengage Learnings, pp. 399- 403.Ryan, B. (2004), finance and Accounting for course, Thomson one origin School, pp. 355- 391.Sharan, V. (2005), bedrock of monetary perplexity, 2 nd ed. Pearson Educations Ltd, pp. 210-218.Warren, C. S., Reeve, J. E. Duchac, J. E. (2009), financial instruction Accounting, 11 th ed. Cengage Learnings, pp. 270-271. nett ReferencesAccounting Ratio epitome , online, lendable from http//http//www.ratioanalysis.net Accessed on twenty-fifth November 2012 .Industry Information, online, easy from http//http//www.instituteofhospitality.org/info_services Accessed on twenty-fifth November 2012 .hospitality Industry News, online , gettable from http//w ww.bha.org.uk/category/password Accessed on 24 th November 2012 .Bibliography.Brigham, E. F. Houston, J. F. (2009), rudiments of pecuniary prudence, 11 th ed. Thomson sensation Business School, pp. 512-525.Jain, P. K. Khan, M. Y. ( 2008), Management Accounting, 4 th ed. Tata Mc wrench Hall, pp. 18-19.Maher, M. W., Stickney, C. P. Weil, R. L. (2008), managerial Accounting an innovation to concepts, methods and uses, 11 th ed. Cengage Learnings, pp. 138-147.OFallon, M. J. Rutherford, D. G. (2011), Hotel Management and Operations, 5 th ed. can Wiley Sons Inc., pp. 1-18.Weil, R. L. Maher, M. W. (2005), apply have of Cost management, 2 nd ed. washbasin Wiley Sons Inc., pp. 539-548.Weygant, J. J., Kieeso, D. E., Kimmel, P. D. Franco, A. L. D. ( 2009), hospitality fiscal Accounting, 2 nd ed. tin Wiley Sons Inc., pp. 260-280.

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